Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense – настоящее совершенное время.
Образование: have/has + Past Participle
| + | I/you/we/they + have +Past Participle He/she/it + has + Past Participle | e.g. I have been to Spain.
She has been to France |
| — | I/you/we/they + haven’t + Past Participle He/she/it + hasn’t + Past Participle | e.g. I haven’t been to Spain.
She hasn’t been to France. |
| ? | Have + I/you/we/they + Past Participle Has + he/she/it + Past Participle | e.g. Have you been to Spain? – Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
Has she been to France? – Yes, she has./ No, she hasn’t. |
Present Perfect используется:
1) Когда мы говорим о нашем опыте в прошлом или его отсутствии, но не указываем, когда именно произошло действие.
e.g. I’ve seen this film twice.
She hasn’t read this book.
2) Когда мы говорим о действиях, которые произошли недавно. Вместе с Present Perfect могут использоваться наречия recently, just, yet, already.
e.g. I’ve just washed the floor.
She’s invited me recently.
3) Когда мы говорим о действиях, начавшихся в прошлом и которые длятся до сих пор.(для непереходных глаголов, которые не могут быть использованы в Continuous. ) При этом часто используются for + промежуток времени, since + момент времени
e.g. We’ve been married for 20 years.
4) Если промежуток времени, когда происходило действие, еще не закончился. Этот промежуток времени может обозначаться словами today, this + week/month/year, etc.
e.g. We’ve passed our exam this week.
- Вместе с Present Perfect часто используются наречия never/ ever.
e.g. They’ve never danced salsa.
Have you ever played football?
- Have been используется, когда мы говорим, что кто-то где-то побывал и уже вернулся.
Have gone используется, когда мы говорим, что кто-то куда-то уехал, но еще не вернулся.
e.g. They have been to China twice.
They have gone to Japan.(они все еще там)
Exercise 1.
Choose the correct word.
1) I have/has chosen the best flowers.
2) He has/have closed the door.
3) Where have you was/been?
4) He has writen/written 5 novels.
5) Have you ever/never spoken to your boss?
6) She hasn’t/haven’t planned her essay yet.
7) Jane has know her best friend for/since 10 years.
Answers: 1.have, 2.has, 3.been, 4.written, 5.ever, 6.hasn’t, 7.for.
Exercise 2.
Complete with the verb in Present Perfect.
1) He….(rescue) the child.
2) I…(do) the washing up yet.
3) Billy …. (order) three bottles of wine.
4) My mom … (not lock) the door.
5) …. you ever… (be) to Thailand? – No, never.
6) They … (live) in Kiev for 3 years.
7) ….. she …. (cook) the dinner yet?
Answers: 1.has rescued, 2.haven’t done, 3.has ordered, 4.hasn’t locked, 5.have…been, 6.have lived, 7.has…cooked.
Exercise 3.
Put the words in the correct order.
1) Taken 2000 more he photos has than
2) Long worked as you a how secretary have?
3) Has been New-York she never to
4) Has wallet Kate lost her
5) Made dinner a they wonderful have
6) Have car we a recently bought
7) Been since here I August haven’t
Answers: 1. He has taken more than 2000 photos. 2. How long have you worked as a secretary? 3. She has never been to New-York. 4. Kate has lost her wallet. 5. They have made a wonderful dinner. 6. We have bought a car recently. 7. I haven’t been here since August.